The primary lab test for Whipple disease is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect the presence of Tropheryma whipplei bacteria in a biopsy specimen. This test is highly specific for the disease and can be performed on samples from the small intestine, lymph nodes, or other affected tissues.
While a PCR test is the most reliable diagnostic tool, other lab tests can be helpful in supporting a diagnosis. These include:
- Complete blood count (CBC): This can reveal anemia, which is common in Whipple disease.
- Small bowel biopsy: This is often performed to obtain a tissue sample for PCR testing and to examine the presence of characteristic foamy macrophages.
Other tests that may be used to help evaluate symptoms or rule out other conditions include:
- Upper endoscopy: To visualize the lining of the upper digestive tract.
- Stool analysis: To look for signs of infection or malabsorption.
- Blood cultures: To rule out other infections.
