A TSS, or Total Station System, is a surveying instrument that combines a theodolite with an electronic distance measurement (EDM) system. It uses precise measurements to determine the coordinates of points in a survey. Here are the rules that apply in a TSS:
Setting Up the TSS
- Leveling: The TSS needs to be perfectly level for accurate measurements. This is done using a leveling screw and a built-in bubble level.
- Orientation: The TSS must be oriented correctly to the north using a compass or known control points.
- Calibration: The TSS needs to be calibrated regularly to ensure accuracy. This involves measuring a known distance and adjusting the instrument's settings.
Taking Measurements
- Prism: A prism is used to reflect the laser beam emitted by the TSS back to the instrument.
- Measurement Modes: Different measurement modes are available, including horizontal distance, vertical distance, and slope distance.
- Data Recording: Measurements are recorded electronically in the TSS's internal memory or on an external data logger.
Data Processing and Analysis
- Software: Dedicated software is used to process the collected data and generate survey plans, profiles, and volumes.
- Coordinate Systems: Data is typically processed in a specific coordinate system, such as UTM or State Plane.
- Accuracy: The accuracy of TSS measurements is influenced by factors like instrument calibration, atmospheric conditions, and operator skill.
Safety Precautions
- Laser Safety: The TSS emits a laser beam, which can be hazardous to the eyes.
- Working Environment: Pay attention to potential hazards in the working environment, such as traffic, uneven terrain, or weather conditions.
Applications
TSS is widely used in various fields, including:
- Construction: Site layout, building alignment, and volume calculations.
- Land Surveying: Boundary surveys, topographic surveys, and property mapping.
- Engineering: Road design, bridge construction, and infrastructure projects.
