The material that converts light energy into electricity is called a photovoltaic cell, more commonly known as a solar cell.
How Solar Cells Work
Solar cells are made of special materials, typically silicon, that have a unique property: they absorb light and release electrons. This process, called the photoelectric effect, generates an electrical current.
The Process Explained
- Light Absorption: When light strikes a solar cell, photons (light particles) are absorbed by the material.
- Electron Excitation: The absorbed photons excite electrons in the material, giving them enough energy to break free from their atoms.
- Current Generation: The freed electrons flow through an electrical circuit, creating an electrical current.
Practical Applications
- Solar Panels: Solar panels are made up of multiple solar cells connected together, allowing them to generate larger amounts of electricity.
- Solar Power: Solar panels are used to power homes, businesses, and even entire cities.
- Other Applications: Solar cells are also used in calculators, watches, and other electronic devices.
