Systematic errors are consistent inaccuracies that occur in a measurement or experiment. They are predictable and can be traced back to a specific source. Here are three common examples:
1. Calibration Error
Calibration error occurs when a measuring instrument is not properly calibrated. This can lead to consistent inaccuracies in the measurements.
- Example: A thermometer that is consistently reading 2 degrees Celsius higher than the actual temperature.
- Solution: Calibrate the instrument using a known standard.
2. Zero Error
Zero error occurs when a measuring instrument does not return to its zero point when it is not measuring anything. This can lead to consistent inaccuracies in the measurements.
- Example: A balance scale that is not properly balanced, resulting in a consistently higher reading.
- Solution: Adjust the instrument to ensure it returns to zero when not in use.
3. Environmental Error
Environmental error occurs when external factors affect the measurement process. This can lead to consistent inaccuracies in the measurements.
- Example: Measuring the temperature of a solution in a room with fluctuating temperature.
- Solution: Control the environmental conditions or account for their influence on the measurements.
