Yes, UV rays can change DNA.
How UV Rays Damage DNA
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can damage DNA by causing mutations, which are changes in the sequence of DNA bases. These mutations can lead to various problems, including skin cancer.
UV rays can cause two main types of DNA damage:
- Pyrimidine dimers: UV radiation can cause two adjacent pyrimidine bases (cytosine or thymine) in DNA to bond together, forming a dimer. This dimer distorts the DNA helix and prevents proper replication and transcription.
- Single-strand breaks: UV radiation can also break the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, leading to a single-strand break.
Repair Mechanisms
Cells have mechanisms to repair UV-induced DNA damage. However, if the damage is extensive or the repair mechanisms are overwhelmed, mutations can occur.
Consequences of DNA Damage
Mutations caused by UV radiation can lead to:
- Skin cancer: The most well-known consequence of UV-induced DNA damage is skin cancer.
- Premature aging: UV radiation can also contribute to premature aging of the skin, causing wrinkles and age spots.
- Eye damage: UV radiation can damage the eyes, leading to cataracts and other eye problems.
Protection from UV Radiation
To protect yourself from UV radiation, you should:
- Wear sunscreen: Apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to all exposed skin.
- Wear protective clothing: Cover your skin with clothing that protects you from the sun.
- Wear sunglasses: Wear sunglasses that block 99-100% of both UVA and UVB rays.
- Limit sun exposure: Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10am-4pm).
