The Quran does not explicitly state who impregnated Mary, the mother of Jesus. However, it emphasizes that Jesus was born miraculously through the power of God.
The Quran states that Mary was a virgin who conceived Jesus through God's divine intervention. The angel Gabriel announced to Mary that she would bear a son without a human father.
The Quran states in chapter 19, verses 16-21:
"And mention in the Book Mary, when she withdrew from her people to a place eastward. Then she placed a screen between herself and them. And We sent to her Our spirit [Gabriel], and he appeared to her as a man of perfect form. She said, "Indeed, I seek refuge in the Most Merciful from you, if you are righteous." He said, "I am only a messenger of your Lord to announce to you the gift of a righteous son." She said, "How can I have a son when no man has touched me and I am not unchaste?" He said, "Thus [it will be]; your Lord says, 'It is easy for Me. And We will make him a sign to the people and a mercy from Us. And it is a matter [already] decreed.'"
Therefore, according to the Quran, Jesus was born through a miracle and not through a sexual relationship.
