The exact root cause of lupus is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.
Genetic Predisposition
Lupus is not directly inherited, but certain genes may make individuals more susceptible to developing the disease. These genes can affect the immune system's ability to recognize and attack its own cells.
Environmental Triggers
Environmental factors can trigger the development of lupus in people who are genetically predisposed. These triggers can include:
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can sometimes trigger an immune response that leads to lupus.
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: Exposure to sunlight can worsen lupus symptoms in some individuals.
- Certain medications: Some drugs, such as hydralazine and procainamide, can trigger drug-induced lupus.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or menopause can also contribute to the development of lupus.
- Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of developing lupus.
Immune System Dysregulation
In lupus, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs. This can lead to inflammation and damage in various parts of the body.
Understanding the Immune System
The immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that protect the body from harmful invaders like bacteria and viruses. In lupus, the immune system becomes confused and attacks the body's own tissues.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Lupus can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can mimic those of other diseases. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies.
There is no cure for lupus, but treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Treatment options include medications to suppress the immune system, pain relievers, and lifestyle modifications.
