The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but it's thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic Factors:
- Family History: Lupus can run in families, suggesting a genetic component. If you have a close relative with lupus, your risk of developing the disease is higher.
- Specific Genes: Researchers are studying specific genes that may increase the risk of lupus, but no single gene has been identified as the cause.
Environmental Factors:
- Hormones: Lupus is more common in women, particularly during childbearing years, indicating a possible role of hormones.
- Sunlight: Exposure to sunlight can trigger lupus flares in some people.
- Infections: Certain infections, like Epstein-Barr virus, may trigger lupus in genetically susceptible individuals.
- Medications: Some medications, like certain antibiotics and anti-seizure drugs, can trigger lupus-like symptoms.
- Smoking: Smoking is linked to an increased risk of developing lupus and more severe disease.
Immune System Dysfunction:
- Autoimmunity: Lupus is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues.
- Antibodies: People with lupus produce antibodies that attack their own cells and organs, leading to inflammation and damage.
While the exact cause of lupus remains elusive, ongoing research aims to better understand the interplay of genetics and environmental factors in its development. This knowledge can help develop more effective treatments and preventative measures.
