TMA, or thrombotic microangiopathy, is not directly caused by a single gene. However, genetics can play a role in some types of TMA.
Here's how:
- Inherited Conditions: Some types of TMA, like hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), are caused by inherited mutations in genes responsible for ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 is an enzyme that breaks down a protein called von Willebrand factor (VWF). When ADAMTS13 is deficient, large VWF multimers build up, leading to platelet aggregation and microvascular thrombosis.
- Susceptibility: While not directly causing TMA, certain genetic variations can increase a person's susceptibility to developing TMA. For example, variations in the complement system genes may increase the risk of developing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), another type of TMA.
It's important to note that not everyone with a genetic predisposition to TMA will develop the condition. Environmental factors and other triggers can also play a role in its development.
In summary, while TMA is not directly caused by a single gene, inherited genetic factors can contribute to its development, particularly in the context of specific subtypes like hereditary TTP and aHUS.
