While immunotherapy is designed to fight cancer, there is a rare possibility of a tumor growing as a side effect. This is known as paradoxical tumor growth.
Understanding Paradoxical Tumor Growth
Paradoxical tumor growth occurs when the immune system, stimulated by immunotherapy, inadvertently attacks healthy cells alongside cancer cells. This can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, sometimes creating an environment that promotes tumor growth.
Causes of Paradoxical Tumor Growth
- Immune system overactivation: Immunotherapy can trigger an exaggerated immune response, leading to unintended damage.
- Tumor microenvironment changes: Immunotherapy can alter the environment surrounding the tumor, potentially creating conditions that favor tumor growth.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: These drugs, a type of immunotherapy, can sometimes cause an immune response that inadvertently promotes tumor growth.
Identifying Paradoxical Tumor Growth
Doctors monitor patients closely for signs of paradoxical tumor growth, which may include:
- Tumor size increase: This is the most obvious sign.
- New tumor growth: The appearance of new tumors.
- Increased inflammation: Swelling or redness around the tumor site.
Managing Paradoxical Tumor Growth
- Treatment adjustments: Doctors may adjust the dose or type of immunotherapy.
- Steroids: Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
- Other therapies: Other treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery, might be used to control tumor growth.
It's important to remember that paradoxical tumor growth is a rare side effect of immunotherapy. Most patients respond well to treatment, and the benefits of immunotherapy often outweigh the risks.
