Whiteness in nails can be caused by several factors, ranging from harmless to serious medical conditions.
Common Causes of White Nails:
- Leukonychia: This is the most common cause of white nails. It refers to white spots or streaks on the nail plate. It's often caused by minor injuries to the nail matrix, the area at the base of the nail where nail growth occurs. It can also be caused by certain medications, nutritional deficiencies, or even stress.
- Terry's Nails: This condition presents as white nails with a dark band at the tip. It's often associated with liver disease, diabetes, or heart failure.
- Muehrcke's Lines: These are horizontal white lines that appear across the nail. They're often caused by low albumin levels in the blood, which can be a sign of kidney disease, liver disease, or malnutrition.
- Nail Fungus: Sometimes, a fungal infection can cause white discoloration of the nail. This is usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as thickening, crumbling, or yellowing of the nail.
Other Possible Causes:
- Anemia: Iron deficiency can cause pale nails.
- Hypoalbuminemia: This condition, characterized by low albumin levels, can lead to white nails.
- Nail Trauma: A direct injury to the nail can cause temporary white discoloration.
- Certain Medications: Some medications can cause nail discoloration, including chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics.
When to See a Doctor:
If you notice white nails, it's essential to consult a doctor, especially if the discoloration is accompanied by other symptoms such as:
- Changes in nail texture: Thickening, crumbling, or splitting of the nail.
- Nail pain: Pain or tenderness in the nail or surrounding skin.
- Redness or swelling: Redness or swelling around the nail.
- Other symptoms: Fatigue, weight loss, or other unusual symptoms.
A doctor can help determine the underlying cause of your white nails and recommend appropriate treatment.
