Albinism is a genetic condition caused by a lack of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes.
How does albinism occur?
Albinism occurs when a person inherits certain gene mutations from their parents. These mutations affect the production or function of enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. As a result, the body cannot produce enough melanin or cannot produce melanin at all.
Types of albinism:
There are different types of albinism, each caused by mutations in different genes. The most common types include:
- Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA): This type affects the eyes, skin, and hair.
- Ocular albinism: This type primarily affects the eyes, causing vision problems.
What are the symptoms of albinism?
The symptoms of albinism vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:
- Light-colored skin, hair, and eyes.
- Vision problems, such as nystagmus (rapid eye movements) and strabismus (crossed eyes).
- Increased sensitivity to sunlight.
Is albinism treatable?
There is no cure for albinism, but there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms. These treatments may include:
- Wearing sunglasses or protective eyewear to protect the eyes from sunlight.
- Using sunscreen with a high SPF to protect the skin from sun damage.
- Vision therapy or corrective lenses to improve vision problems.
