Ankylosing disease is a term often used to describe ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine. It can also affect other joints, such as the hips, shoulders, and knees.
Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis causes inflammation in the joints of the spine, leading to stiffness and pain. Over time, the inflammation can cause the vertebrae (bones in the spine) to fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine. This fusion can limit movement and lead to a stooped posture.
Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Common symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis include:
- Back pain: This is usually the first symptom, often starting in the lower back and improving with exercise but worsening with rest.
- Stiffness: The spine becomes stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Limited movement: The spine's flexibility gradually decreases, making it difficult to bend forward or twist.
- Pain in other joints: Hips, shoulders, knees, and even the feet can be affected.
- Fatigue: General tiredness and weakness are common.
- Eye inflammation: Uveitis, an inflammation of the eye, can occur in some people with AS.
Causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis
The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disease. This means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to inflammation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis typically involves a physical exam, X-rays, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on managing pain and inflammation, improving mobility, and preventing further damage to the spine.
Treatment options include:
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologics can help reduce inflammation and pain.
- Physical therapy: Exercises and stretching can help maintain flexibility and improve posture.
- Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and getting regular exercise can help manage symptoms.
Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic condition, meaning it lasts a lifetime. However, with proper management, most people can live fulfilling lives. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term disability.
