A ganglioma is a type of non-cancerous (benign) brain tumor that develops from glial cells, which are the supporting cells of the brain and spinal cord.
What are Glial Cells?
Glial cells are the most abundant type of cells in the brain and spinal cord. They provide support and protection for neurons, which are the nerve cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system.
Types of Gangliomas
There are different types of gangliomas, including:
- Pilocytic astrocytoma: This is the most common type of ganglioma. It usually grows slowly and is often found in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination.
- Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA): This type of ganglioma is more aggressive than pilocytic astrocytoma and can be found in different parts of the brain.
- Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): This type of ganglioma is usually found in the ventricles, the fluid-filled cavities in the brain.
Symptoms of Gangliomas
Gangliomas can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and size. Common symptoms include:
- Headaches: These are often the first symptom of a ganglioma.
- Seizures: These can be partial or generalized.
- Weakness or numbness: This can occur in one side of the body.
- Vision problems: This can include blurred vision, double vision, or loss of vision.
- Balance problems: This can make it difficult to walk or stand.
- Cognitive problems: This can include difficulty concentrating, memory problems, or changes in personality.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Gangliomas are usually diagnosed with imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans. Treatment for gangliomas depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor. Some gangliomas may not require treatment, while others may need surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
