Bilharzia, also known as schistosomiasis, is caused by a parasitic flatworm called a schistosome. These worms live in freshwater snails and release microscopic larvae called cercariae into the water. When people come into contact with contaminated water, the cercariae can penetrate their skin. Once inside the body, they mature into adult worms that live in the blood vessels of the intestines, bladder, or other organs.
How Bilharzia Spreads
- Freshwater snails: Schistosomes need freshwater snails to complete their life cycle. The snails act as hosts for the parasite's larval stage.
- Contaminated water: When people come into contact with water containing infected snails, the cercariae can penetrate their skin. This usually occurs during activities like swimming, bathing, or washing clothes in contaminated water.
- Human-to-human transmission: Bilharzia cannot be transmitted directly from person to person.
Symptoms of Bilharzia
Symptoms of bilharzia can vary depending on the type of schistosomiasis and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Blood in the stool or urine
- Swelling in the abdomen
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Skin rash
Prevention and Treatment
- Avoid contact with contaminated water: This can be achieved by swimming only in designated safe areas, wearing protective clothing when swimming in potentially contaminated water, and avoiding contact with stagnant water.
- Proper sanitation: Good sanitation practices, such as access to clean water and toilets, are crucial in preventing the spread of bilharzia.
- Treatment: Bilharzia can be treated with medication. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
Conclusion
Bilharzia is a serious parasitic disease that can have long-term health consequences. Understanding how the disease spreads and taking preventative measures is crucial to avoiding infection. If you suspect you may have bilharzia, it is important to seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.
