Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, occurs when your adrenal glands don't produce enough of certain hormones, primarily cortisol and aldosterone.
What are the adrenal glands?
Your adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of your kidneys. They produce hormones that help regulate many vital functions, including:
- Blood pressure
- Blood sugar levels
- Immune system
- Stress response
What causes Addison's disease?
The most common cause of Addison's disease is an autoimmune disorder, where your body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys your adrenal glands. This is known as autoimmune adrenalitis.
Other causes of Addison's disease include:
- Tuberculosis: This infection can damage the adrenal glands.
- Fungal infections: Certain fungal infections can affect the adrenal glands.
- Cancer: Tumors in the adrenal glands or elsewhere in the body can affect their function.
- Certain medications: Some medications, such as long-term use of corticosteroids, can suppress adrenal gland function.
- Surgery: Removal of the adrenal glands during surgery can cause Addison's disease.
- Genetics: In rare cases, Addison's disease can be inherited.
Symptoms of Addison's Disease
Symptoms of Addison's disease can develop gradually and may be subtle at first. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Muscle weakness
- Low blood pressure
- Low blood sugar
- Skin darkening
- Salt craving
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment for Addison's Disease
Addison's disease is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing treatment. Treatment typically involves:
- Hormone replacement therapy: You'll need to take daily doses of corticosteroids to replace the hormones your adrenal glands are not producing.
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress can help manage Addison's disease.
Note: Addison's disease can be a serious condition if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the condition and preventing complications.
