Sickle cell disease (SCD) primarily affects the blood system, specifically the red blood cells.
SCD is a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen, resembling a sickle or crescent moon. This abnormal shape hinders their ability to carry oxygen effectively throughout the body.
The sickle-shaped cells are also more fragile and prone to breaking down, leading to anemia, a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count.
The misshapen cells can also block blood flow in small blood vessels, causing pain, organ damage, and other complications.
The impact of SCD extends beyond the blood system, affecting various organs and tissues, including:
* **Bones:** Painful bone crises due to blocked blood flow.
* **Lungs:** Difficulty breathing and infections like pneumonia.
* **Brain:** Strokes and other neurological problems.
* **Kidneys:** Kidney failure.
* **Eyes:** Retinopathy and vision problems.
* **Spleen:** Splenic dysfunction, increasing the risk of infections. While SCD primarily affects the blood system, its consequences ripple throughout the body, impacting multiple organ systems.
