Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, is a condition that affects the hip joint in children. It occurs when the blood supply to the femoral head, the top part of the thigh bone, is disrupted. This disruption causes the bone to weaken and die.
The exact cause of Perthes disease is unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development:
Potential Causes of Perthes Disease:
- Genetics: Family history of Perthes disease increases the risk.
- Blood Vessel Problems: A temporary blockage or narrowing of the blood vessels supplying the femoral head can cause the disruption.
- Trauma: Minor injuries or repetitive stress can potentially contribute.
- Other Factors: Some research suggests that environmental factors like cold weather or exposure to certain chemicals might play a role.
How Perthes Disease Develops:
- Blood Supply Disruption: The blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted.
- Bone Death: Without adequate blood supply, the bone tissue dies.
- Bone Fragmentation: The weakened bone can collapse or fragment.
- Revascularization: Over time, new blood vessels grow, and the bone begins to heal.
- Remodelling: The bone gradually remodels, but it may not fully recover its original shape.
Symptoms of Perthes Disease:
- Limp: A noticeable limp, especially when walking or running.
- Pain: Pain in the hip, groin, or knee.
- Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty with bending, rotating, or extending the hip.
- Leg Length Discrepancy: One leg may appear shorter than the other.
Treatment of Perthes Disease:
Treatment for Perthes disease depends on the severity and stage of the condition. It may include:
- Observation: In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own with observation and physical therapy.
- Non-Surgical Treatment: This includes bracing or casting to keep the hip joint in a specific position to promote healing.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reshape the hip joint or to improve blood flow.
