The liver plays a crucial role in processing excess amino acids. After protein digestion, amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver. Here, the liver can handle them in a few ways:
- Deamination: The liver removes the amino group (-NH2) from excess amino acids, converting them into keto acids. This process produces ammonia, a toxic substance that the liver converts into urea for excretion via the kidneys.
- Gluconeogenesis: The liver can use the keto acids to create glucose, which is then stored in the liver as glycogen or released into the bloodstream for energy.
- Fat Synthesis: If the body doesn't need more glucose, the keto acids can be converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.
Essentially, the liver ensures that excess amino acids are not wasted. They are either broken down and used for energy, converted into other essential molecules, or stored for later use.
