The Age of Reason, also known as the Enlightenment, spanned roughly from the 17th century to the late 18th century.
Key Features of the Age of Reason:
- Emphasis on Reason and Logic: The Age of Reason was characterized by a strong emphasis on human reason and logic as the primary means of acquiring knowledge and understanding the world.
- Scientific Revolution: The scientific revolution, with its focus on observation, experimentation, and mathematical reasoning, greatly influenced the Enlightenment.
- Individualism and Human Rights: The Enlightenment championed individual rights, freedoms, and self-determination.
- Social and Political Reform: The Enlightenment thinkers advocated for social and political reforms, including the separation of powers, representative government, and individual liberties.
Notable Figures of the Age of Reason:
- John Locke: A key figure in the Enlightenment, Locke's ideas on natural rights and limited government greatly influenced the American Declaration of Independence.
- Isaac Newton: Newton's groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics epitomized the scientific revolution and its influence on Enlightenment thought.
- Voltaire: A prominent writer and philosopher, Voltaire championed freedom of speech and religion, and criticized religious intolerance and superstition.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Rousseau's ideas on social contract theory and the importance of individual freedom influenced the French Revolution.
Impact of the Age of Reason:
The Age of Reason had a profound impact on Western civilization, influencing:
- The American and French Revolutions: The ideals of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty were central to both revolutions.
- The Development of Modern Science and Technology: The scientific revolution, fueled by Enlightenment principles, led to advancements in science and technology.
- The Rise of Modern Democracy: Enlightenment ideas on individual rights and representative government paved the way for modern democracies.
