The main cause of melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can eventually cause cancer. This damage can occur from both prolonged sun exposure and intense, short bursts of sun exposure, such as from sunburns.
While UV radiation is the primary cause, other factors can increase the risk of melanoma, including:
- Family history of melanoma: If you have a close relative who has had melanoma, your risk is higher.
- Fair skin, freckles, and moles: People with fair skin, freckles, and many moles are more susceptible to melanoma.
- Previous melanoma: If you have had melanoma before, you are more likely to develop it again.
- Certain genetic syndromes: Some genetic disorders, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, increase the risk of melanoma.
- Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who are undergoing chemotherapy, have a higher risk of melanoma.
It is important to protect your skin from UV radiation by:
- Wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.
- Wearing protective clothing, such as hats and long sleeves.
- Seeking shade during the hottest part of the day.
- Avoiding tanning beds and sunlamps.
Early detection is crucial for melanoma treatment. If you notice any changes in your skin, such as a new mole or a mole that is changing in size, shape, or color, see a dermatologist immediately.
