Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand, is compressed in the carpal tunnel.
What is the carpal tunnel?
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of the wrist. It is formed by bones and ligaments, and it houses the median nerve and tendons that control the movement of the hand.
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Repetitive hand motions: Activities that involve repeated flexing and extending the wrist, such as typing, assembly line work, and playing musical instruments, can put pressure on the median nerve.
- Overuse: Prolonged use of the hands, such as during gardening or painting, can also contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause fluid retention, which can compress the median nerve.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put additional pressure on the wrists and contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism, can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
The most common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include:
- Numbness and tingling: This is usually felt in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger.
- Pain: Pain can occur in the hand, wrist, or forearm.
- Weakness: Weakness in the hand can make it difficult to grasp objects.
- Clumsiness: You may drop objects or have trouble performing fine motor tasks.
- Burning or prickling sensation: This is often described as a "pins and needles" feeling.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A doctor can diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome based on a physical examination and a review of your symptoms. They may also order tests, such as a nerve conduction study, to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may include:
- Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate your symptoms.
- Splinting: Wearing a splint at night can help keep your wrist in a neutral position and reduce pressure on the median nerve.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid injections: These injections can be used to reduce inflammation in the carpal tunnel.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
Preventing carpal tunnel syndrome
You can reduce your risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome by taking steps to prevent nerve compression. These steps include:
- Ergonomics: Use proper posture and positioning when using your hands.
- Regular breaks: Take breaks from repetitive tasks to stretch your hands and wrists.
- Avoid overexertion: Don't overuse your hands.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Losing weight can reduce pressure on your wrists.
