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What is the difference between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses?

Published in Grammar 2 mins read

Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses are two types of dependent clauses that modify nouns. The key difference lies in their function and punctuation:

Restrictive Clauses:

  • Essential: They provide crucial information that defines or identifies the noun they modify. Without the restrictive clause, the meaning of the sentence would be unclear or ambiguous.
  • No commas: They are not separated from the main clause by commas.
  • Example: *The students who study hard will succeed.* (The clause identifies which students will succeed.)

Non-restrictive Clauses:

  • Non-essential: They provide additional information about the noun they modify, but the meaning of the sentence remains clear even without the clause.
  • Commas: They are set off from the main clause by commas.
  • Example: *The students, who study hard, will succeed.* (The clause adds information about the students, but doesn't define them.)

Here's a table summarizing the key differences:

Feature Restrictive Clause Non-restrictive Clause
Function Essential for meaning Additional information
Punctuation No commas Commas
Example *The students who study hard will succeed.* *The students, who study hard, will succeed.*

Understanding the difference between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses is crucial for clear and accurate writing. By correctly identifying and punctuating these clauses, you can ensure your writing is grammatically sound and easily understood.

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