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How to Create a Custom Coordinate System in ArcGIS?

Published in GIS and Mapping 3 mins read

You can create a custom coordinate system in ArcGIS using the Define Projection tool. This tool allows you to define a new coordinate system based on a variety of parameters, such as:

  • Geographic Coordinate System (GCS): This defines the shape of the earth and the units of measurement for latitude and longitude.
  • Projected Coordinate System (PCS): This is a transformation of a GCS that projects the earth's surface onto a flat plane.
  • Datum: This defines the reference point for a coordinate system and the relationship between the coordinate system and the earth's surface.

Steps to Create a Custom Coordinate System in ArcGIS

  1. Open the Define Projection tool: You can find this tool in the Data Management toolbox under Projections and Transformations.
  2. Select the output coordinate system: Choose the type of coordinate system you want to create (GCS or PCS) and select the appropriate parameters.
  3. Define the parameters: Specify the parameters for your custom coordinate system. This may include:
    • Datum: Select a datum that matches your area of interest.
    • Projection: Choose a projection that is appropriate for your area of interest.
    • Units: Select the desired units for the coordinate system.
  4. Set a name and description: Give your custom coordinate system a descriptive name and add an optional description.
  5. Save the custom coordinate system: Click the Save button to save your custom coordinate system.

Examples of Custom Coordinate Systems

  • UTM Zone 10N: This is a projected coordinate system that is commonly used in the United States. It is defined by the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection.
  • State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS): This is a projected coordinate system that is designed for use within a specific state.
  • Local Coordinate System: This is a coordinate system that is defined for a specific area, such as a city or a county.

Practical Insights

  • Custom coordinate systems are useful for creating maps that are accurate and precise for a specific area.
  • You can use custom coordinate systems to project data from one coordinate system to another.
  • When choosing a custom coordinate system, consider the area of interest, the desired accuracy, and the compatibility with other data sources.

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