There isn't one single hormone that specifically causes fear. However, stress hormones like adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol play a crucial role in triggering the body's "fight-or-flight" response when we perceive danger.
Here's how these hormones contribute to the feeling of fear:
- Adrenaline: This hormone increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, providing the body with extra energy to either confront or flee the perceived threat.
- Cortisol: Cortisol, released by the adrenal glands, helps the body cope with stress by providing sustained energy. It also aids in the formation of long-term memories associated with fear, making us learn from dangerous experiences.
The release of these hormones is triggered by the amygdala, a part of the brain responsible for processing emotional responses, especially fear.
While these hormones are essential for our survival, their excessive release can lead to anxiety and other problems.
