For Kant, an authentically moral act is one that is done purely out of duty, not out of any desire for personal gain or reward. This means that the act itself, and not its consequences, is what makes it morally good.
Here's a breakdown of what makes an act authentically moral according to Kant:
- The Categorical Imperative: Kant's philosophy centers around the Categorical Imperative, a universal moral law that dictates how we should act. It can be expressed in various formulations, but the most relevant here is the "Formula of Humanity": "Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means."
- Acting from Duty: An authentically moral act is one that is done solely because it is the right thing to do, regardless of the consequences. This means that the act must be motivated by duty and not by inclination (desire, personal gain, or self-interest).
- The Good Will: Kant believed that the good will is the only thing that is inherently good. The good will is the ability to act from duty, even when it is difficult. This means that we should act in accordance with the categorical imperative, even if it goes against our personal desires or inclinations.
Examples of Authentically Moral Acts:
- Helping someone in need, even if it's inconvenient or costly to you. This act is motivated by duty, not by self-interest.
- Telling the truth, even if it means getting into trouble. This act is motivated by duty, not by a desire to avoid consequences.
- Keeping a promise, even if it is no longer in your best interest. This act is motivated by duty, not by a desire to gain something.
Practical Insights:
- Focus on the act, not the consequences. When evaluating the morality of an act, we should focus on the act itself, not its consequences.
- Consider the motivation. We should ask ourselves why we are doing something. If we are doing it out of duty, then it is likely to be a morally good act.
- Treat others as ends in themselves. We should never treat others as mere means to our own ends. We should always respect their autonomy and dignity.
In summary, for Kant, an authentically moral act is one that is done purely out of duty, motivated by the good will, and in accordance with the categorical imperative.
