Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates. This stage is often referred to as the early expanding stage.
During this stage, improvements in sanitation, healthcare, and nutrition lead to a significant decrease in mortality, especially among infants and children. This results in a population boom as the number of births far exceeds the number of deaths.
Here are some key characteristics of Stage 2:
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High birth rate: Due to traditional societal values, lack of access to family planning, and a desire for large families, birth rates remain high.
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Rapidly declining death rate: Advances in medicine, sanitation, and public health lead to a significant reduction in death rates, particularly from infectious diseases.
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Population growth: The difference between high birth rates and declining death rates results in rapid population growth.
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Young age structure: The population has a large proportion of young people, as the decline in mortality has a greater impact on younger age groups.
Examples of countries currently in Stage 2 of the DTM include many developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The transition from Stage 1 to Stage 2 is often driven by factors such as:
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Industrialization: Industrialization leads to improved living standards, access to healthcare, and better sanitation.
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Urbanization: As people move from rural areas to cities, they have access to better infrastructure and services, leading to improved health outcomes.
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Education: Education plays a vital role in promoting health awareness and family planning practices.
Stage 2 is a period of significant population growth and presents both opportunities and challenges for countries. While a growing population can lead to economic growth and innovation, it can also strain resources, infrastructure, and social services.
