Chlorine is a halogen and forms a negative ion called chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>).
Here's why:
- Electronegativity: Chlorine has a high electronegativity, meaning it strongly attracts electrons.
- Valence Electrons: Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, which means it needs one more electron to achieve a stable octet configuration.
- Ion Formation: To gain that extra electron, chlorine readily accepts an electron, becoming a negatively charged ion called chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>).
Examples of chloride ions in compounds:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl): Table salt, a common ionic compound where chloride ions are paired with sodium ions.
- Potassium chloride (KCl): Used in fertilizers and dietary supplements.
- Calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>): Used as a de-icer and in road construction.
Practical Insights:
- Chloride ions are essential for human health.
- Chloride ions play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body.
- Chloride ions are found in many natural sources, such as seawater and table salt.
