Filtration is a separation technique that uses a porous barrier to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas. This barrier, often called a filter, allows the liquid or gas to pass through while trapping the solid particles.
Mixtures Separable by Filtration
Here are some examples of mixtures that can be separated by filtration:
- Sand and water: The sand particles are much larger than the water molecules, so they are easily trapped by a filter paper.
- Coffee grounds and water: The coffee grounds are insoluble in water and can be separated by using a coffee filter.
- Dust and air: Air filters in homes and cars trap dust particles, preventing them from entering the living space.
- Chalk and water: The chalk particles will settle at the bottom of the container, and the water can be poured off or filtered.
Factors Affecting Filtration
The effectiveness of filtration depends on several factors:
- Particle size: Smaller particles are more difficult to filter than larger particles.
- Porosity of the filter: The size of the pores in the filter determines the size of the particles that can pass through.
- Pressure: Higher pressure can force more liquid or gas through the filter, but it can also clog the filter more quickly.
Practical Applications of Filtration
Filtration is a widely used technique in various industries, including:
- Water treatment: Filtration removes impurities from water, making it safe for drinking.
- Food processing: Filtration is used to separate solids from liquids in processes like making juice and brewing beer.
- Pharmaceutical industry: Filtration is essential for purifying drugs and removing contaminants.
- Environmental protection: Filtration is used to remove pollutants from air and water.
