The most common KRAS mutation is KRAS G12D. This mutation occurs in the 12th amino acid position of the KRAS protein, where a glycine (G) is replaced with an aspartic acid (D).
Why is KRAS G12D so common?
KRAS G12D is prevalent in various cancers, including:
- Lung cancer: Approximately 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbor KRAS G12D.
- Colorectal cancer: This mutation is found in about 40% of colorectal cancers.
- Pancreatic cancer: KRAS G12D is present in roughly 90% of pancreatic cancers.
What makes KRAS G12D significant?
KRAS G12D is significant because it:
- Activates the KRAS protein: This mutation leads to a constitutively active KRAS protein, which promotes cell growth and proliferation.
- Contributes to cancer development: The constant activation of the KRAS protein disrupts normal cell cycle regulation and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
- Is a target for cancer therapy: There is ongoing research to develop drugs that specifically target KRAS G12D and other KRAS mutations.
Other common KRAS mutations:
While KRAS G12D is the most common, other mutations also occur, including:
- KRAS G12V
- KRAS G12R
- KRAS G12C
- KRAS G13D
These mutations can also contribute to cancer development and are being investigated as targets for therapy.
