Apical tissue, also known as apical meristem, is a specialized tissue found at the tips of roots and shoots. It plays a crucial role in plant growth by producing new cells that contribute to the elongation of roots and stems.
Functions of Apical Tissue:
- Primary Growth: Apical tissue is responsible for primary growth, which is the increase in length of roots and shoots. This is achieved through the continuous division and differentiation of cells produced by the apical meristem.
- Development of New Organs: Apical tissue also contributes to the development of new organs, such as leaves, flowers, and branches.
- Cell Differentiation: The cells produced by apical tissue differentiate into various specialized tissues, such as vascular tissue, ground tissue, and dermal tissue, which contribute to the overall structure and function of the plant.
Examples:
- In roots, the apical meristem is responsible for root elongation and the formation of the root cap, which protects the meristem as the root grows through the soil.
- In shoots, the apical meristem is responsible for stem elongation and the formation of leaves and buds.
Practical Insights:
- Understanding the function of apical tissue is crucial in agriculture and horticulture.
- Pruning techniques are based on the ability of apical tissue to initiate branching.
- Plant hormones, such as auxins, influence the activity of apical tissue and regulate plant growth.
