CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. It's a specialized type of photosynthesis that some plants use to survive in hot, dry environments.
How CAM Works:
Plants using CAM photosynthesis have a unique way of taking in carbon dioxide (CO2) and making food. Here's a simplified explanation:
- Nighttime: CAM plants open their stomata (tiny pores on their leaves) at night when it's cooler and less humid. They absorb CO2 and store it as an acid called malic acid within their cells.
- Daytime: During the day, CAM plants close their stomata to prevent water loss. They then use the stored malic acid to release CO2, which is then used in photosynthesis.
Advantages of CAM:
- Water Conservation: CAM plants can survive in arid environments because they minimize water loss by keeping their stomata closed during the day.
- Reduced Photorespiration: CAM photosynthesis helps reduce photorespiration, a process that wastes energy and reduces efficiency.
Examples of CAM Plants:
- Succulents: Cacti, agave, and aloe vera are well-known examples of CAM plants.
- Orchids: Some orchids, like the Phalaenopsis genus, also use CAM photosynthesis.
- Pineapple: The pineapple plant is a unique example of a CAM plant that produces a fruit.
Practical Insights:
- CAM plants are often used in landscaping and gardening due to their drought tolerance.
- Understanding CAM photosynthesis can help us learn how to improve crop yields in arid regions.
