Several hormones stimulate lipolysis, the breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids and glycerol. Here are some of the key players:
1. Glucagon:
This hormone, produced by the pancreas, counteracts the effects of insulin. It increases lipolysis by activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the primary enzyme responsible for breaking down triglycerides in fat cells.
2. Adrenaline (Epinephrine):
This hormone, released by the adrenal glands during stress, activates HSL and promotes lipolysis. This response helps provide energy for the "fight-or-flight" response.
3. Growth Hormone (GH):
GH, secreted by the pituitary gland, has a complex role in metabolism. While it directly stimulates lipolysis, it also indirectly promotes fat breakdown by enhancing the effects of other lipolytic hormones.
4. Cortisol:
This stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a role in lipolysis by increasing the expression of HSL and reducing the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme that promotes fat storage.
5. Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4):
These hormones, produced by the thyroid gland, regulate metabolism. While they don't directly stimulate lipolysis, they indirectly contribute by increasing the activity of other lipolytic hormones.
6. Testosterone:
This male sex hormone has been shown to increase lipolysis in both men and women. It stimulates the production of HSL and may also enhance the effects of other lipolytic hormones.
These hormones play a crucial role in regulating energy balance and maintaining fat stores in the body. Understanding their effects is essential for managing weight and promoting overall health.
