The Answer
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter found in the brain, is the precursor to melatonin.
How Serotonin Converts to Melatonin
The conversion process takes place in the pineal gland, a small gland in the brain. Here's how it works:
- Serotonin synthesis: Serotonin is produced from the amino acid tryptophan, which is obtained from the diet.
- Nighttime signal: When darkness falls, the pineal gland receives signals from the eyes that it's time to produce melatonin.
- Enzyme action: The enzyme N-acetyltransferase (NAT) converts serotonin into N-acetylserotonin.
- Final conversion: Another enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), converts N-acetylserotonin into melatonin.
Importance of Melatonin
Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. Its production increases at night, promoting sleepiness, and decreases during the day.
Practical Insights
- Melatonin supplements are available for individuals experiencing sleep problems.
- Exposure to bright light, particularly in the evening, can suppress melatonin production, potentially disrupting sleep patterns.
