Melanophores are specialized pigment cells found in the skin, scales, and feathers of many animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
These cells contain melanin, a dark pigment that gives these animals their color. Melanophores can change the distribution of melanin within their cells, which allows them to adjust their color and patterns.
This process is called color change and can be influenced by various factors, including:
- Temperature
- Light levels
- Stress
- Hormones
How do melanophores work?
Melanophores contain tiny, pigment-filled sacs called melanosomes. When these melanosomes are dispersed throughout the cell, the animal appears darker. When the melanosomes are clustered together, the animal appears lighter.
Examples of melanophore activity
- Chameleons are famous for their ability to change color. They do this by shifting the distribution of melanosomes in their melanophores.
- Fish like flounders can camouflage themselves by matching the color of the seabed. They achieve this by rearranging their melanosomes.
- Squid and octopus can change color rapidly by using special pigment cells called chromatophores.
Melanophores play a crucial role in the survival of many animals, allowing them to:
- Camouflage themselves to avoid predators or ambush prey
- Communicate with each other by changing their color patterns
- Regulate their body temperature by controlling the amount of sunlight absorbed
