Langerhans cells are a type of immune cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. They are particularly abundant in thick skin, which is found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). They capture and process antigens, which are substances that trigger an immune response, and then present them to other immune cells, such as T lymphocytes. This process helps to initiate and regulate immune responses against pathogens and other foreign substances.
Langerhans cells are characterized by their distinctive, tennis racket-shaped appearance, with a large, indented nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic granules. They are also identifiable by the presence of Birbeck granules, which are unique organelles found only in Langerhans cells.
The presence of Langerhans cells in thick skin is important because these areas are more exposed to environmental insults and potential pathogens. Their role in immune surveillance helps to protect the body from infection and disease.
