The enzyme used in ELISA depends on the specific type of ELISA being performed. However, some common enzymes used include:
- Horseradish peroxidase (HRP): This enzyme is frequently used in ELISA due to its high sensitivity and stability. It catalyzes the oxidation of a substrate, resulting in a color change that can be measured.
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): Another popular enzyme used in ELISA, ALP is also highly sensitive and stable. It catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a substrate, leading to a color change.
- β-galactosidase (β-gal): While less common than HRP and ALP, β-gal is sometimes used in ELISA. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a substrate, resulting in a color change.
These enzymes are conjugated to antibodies or antigens, allowing for the detection of specific analytes in a sample. The choice of enzyme depends on factors such as the sensitivity required, the substrate used, and the specific application.
