A condenser microphone converts sound waves into electrical signals by using a thin, electrically charged diaphragm.
Here's how it works:
- Diaphragm: The diaphragm vibrates in response to sound waves.
- Backplate: The diaphragm is positioned close to a fixed backplate.
- Capacitor: The diaphragm and backplate together form a capacitor.
- Electrical Signal: As the diaphragm vibrates, the distance between it and the backplate changes, altering the capacitance. This change in capacitance is then converted into an electrical signal.
Condenser microphones are known for their high sensitivity, wide frequency response, and clear sound reproduction. They are commonly used in:
- Studio recording: For vocals, instruments, and high-quality audio capture.
- Live sound reinforcement: For microphones on stage.
- Video recording: For capturing dialogue and sound effects.
- Broadcasting: For professional audio broadcasting.
Condenser microphones typically require phantom power to operate, which is a low-voltage DC current supplied through the microphone cable.
