The US chose Hiroshima and Nagasaki as targets for the atomic bombs because they were major industrial centers and military hubs that had not been heavily damaged by conventional bombing raids. This meant that the effects of the bombs would be more easily observed and measured. Additionally, both cities were relatively isolated, reducing the risk of civilian casualties outside of the target zones.
Reasons for choosing Hiroshima:
- Untouched by conventional bombing: Hiroshima had remained largely untouched by air raids, allowing for a clear assessment of the bomb's impact.
- Military and industrial significance: It was a vital hub for military production and transportation, making it a strategic target.
- Geographically suitable: Its valley location was thought to focus the blast and enhance its destructive power.
Reasons for choosing Nagasaki:
- Secondary target: It was the second target in case the weather conditions over Hiroshima were unfavorable.
- Military and industrial significance: Nagasaki was a major shipbuilding and industrial center with a large military presence.
- Alternative to Kokura: The original intended target, Kokura, was obscured by smoke and clouds, leading to the selection of Nagasaki.
The US aimed to bring a swift end to the war with Japan and minimize further American casualties. The atomic bombings were a desperate gamble to achieve that goal.
