A tympanum is a semi-circular or triangular architectural feature that sits above a doorway or window. It's often decorated with sculptures, reliefs, or mosaics, adding visual interest and storytelling to the structure.
A Detailed Look at Tympana
What is a Tympanum?
A tympanum is a decorative architectural element that fills the space between the lintel (horizontal beam) and the arch above a doorway or window. It's typically a semi-circular or triangular shape, giving it a distinct and eye-catching presence.
Function and Significance
- Aesthetic Appeal: Tympana are primarily decorative, adding visual interest and a touch of grandeur to buildings.
- Storytelling: They often feature sculptures, reliefs, or mosaics that tell stories or depict scenes from mythology, religious texts, or historical events.
- Symbolism: The imagery on tympana can convey religious beliefs, social values, or political messages.
Examples of Tympana
- Romanesque Architecture: Tympana were particularly prominent in Romanesque churches, often depicting scenes from the Bible or the Last Judgement.
- Gothic Architecture: Gothic cathedrals also featured elaborate tympana, with more complex and stylized sculptures.
- Renaissance Architecture: During the Renaissance, tympana became more classical in style, often featuring Greek or Roman mythological scenes.
Types of Tympana
- Semi-circular: The most common type, found in Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
- Triangular: Found in some Romanesque and Gothic buildings, especially in smaller doorways.
- Segmented: A variation of the semi-circular tympanum, with a series of arcs creating a more complex shape.
Construction of Tympana
- Stone: Most tympana are carved from stone, allowing for intricate detail.
- Wood: Some tympana are made from wood, especially in smaller structures.
- Metal: Metal tympana are less common but can be found in modern architecture.
Tympana in Modern Architecture
While less common in modern buildings, tympana can still be found in contemporary architecture. Modern architects often use minimalist designs and materials like concrete or steel to create contemporary interpretations of this traditional element.
Conclusion
Tympana are a fascinating architectural feature that adds beauty, storytelling, and symbolism to buildings. Whether you're admiring a medieval cathedral or a modern structure, taking a moment to appreciate the tympanum can offer a glimpse into the history, beliefs, and artistic sensibilities of the time.
