Organic Matter
One major factor of soil fertility is organic matter. Organic matter is the decomposed remains of plants and animals, which provide essential nutrients to plants.
Here's how organic matter contributes to soil fertility:
- Improves soil structure: Organic matter acts like a glue, binding soil particles together and creating a crumbly structure. This structure allows for better water infiltration, drainage, and aeration, which are crucial for plant growth.
- Increases water holding capacity: Organic matter acts like a sponge, absorbing and retaining water, making it available to plants during dry periods. This is especially important in arid and semi-arid regions.
- Provides nutrients: As organic matter decomposes, it releases essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that plants need to grow.
- Supports beneficial microorganisms: Organic matter provides a habitat for beneficial microorganisms like bacteria and fungi that help break down organic matter and make nutrients available to plants.
Examples:
- Compost: Compost is a form of organic matter that is rich in nutrients and improves soil structure.
- Manure: Animal manure is another source of organic matter that can be added to soil.
- Cover crops: Cover crops, such as legumes and grasses, are grown to improve soil health and add organic matter to the soil.
